Mu gushaka gusobanukirwa ukuri ku buzima bw’abantu bafungiye impamvu zitandukanye mu bihe binyuranye, twifashishije urusobe rw’amateka, imibereho, n’ibyanditswe bitagatifu.

Twasubiye inyuma mu gihe cya Bibiliya, aho dusanga abagabo nka Yohani Umubatiza na Yozefu mwene Yakobo bafungiwe mu bihe bitandukanye n’impamvu zitandukanye, tukabigereranya n’imiterere y’amagereza y’iki gihe.

1. Gereza z’ibihe bya Bibiliya: Gufungwa byabaga byiganjemo kutagira amategeko

Yozefu, nk’uko tubisanga mu Itangiriro 39, yafunzwe azira guhakana icyifuzo cy’umugore wa Potifari washakaga ko baryamana. Nta rubanza, nta mwunganizi – ahubwo igihano cyihutirwa cyahise kimuhabwa.

Yohani Umubatiza, na we yaje gufungirwa ko yamaganye Herodiya, umugore wari warashakanye n’umuvandimwe wa Herodi. Ubutumwa bw’ukuri bwatumye atabwa muri gereza (Matayo 14), hanyuma yicwa mu buryo buteye agahinda, aciwe umute wari guhemba umukobwa wa Herode kuko yari yabyiniye abashyitsi bakizihirwa.

Gereza za kera nta bwo zabaga zigamije guhana mu buryo bwo kugorora. Ahubwo zabaga ari ahantu ho kubika umuntu igihe ategereje urubanza, cyangwa se hakaba harabaga ah’igihano cye cya nyuma, akaba yahapfira, kuko gufungwa burundu rimwe na rimwe byagendanaga n’ibihano byateraga umuntu urupfu bucece.

Uko byabaga bimeze:

Ibyobo byacukuwe cyangwa inyubako zo munsi y’inzu

Nk’uko bigaragara mu nkuru ya Yozefu cyangwa Yeremiya, bamwe bashyirwaga mu byobo byacukuwe mu butaka cyangwa munsi y’inzu z’abami n’abatware (Itangiriro 40:15, Yeremiya 38:6). Hari igihe ibi byobo byuzuzwagamo amazi n’indi myanda.

Iminyururu no kubohwa
Abafungwaga babaga bashyizwe mu minyururu, aho amaboko n’amaguru byaboherwaga ku biti cyangwa ku mabuye. Ibi byagaragaye kuri Pawulo na Silasi (Ibyakozwe 16:24).

Kubura uburenganzira
Nta burenganzira bw’imfungwa bwabaga buhari. Nta mazi yo kunywa bahabwaga, nta mwunganizi mu mategeko, nta buvuzi, nta burenganzira bwo gusurwa. Umutekano n’imibereho byaterwaga n’uko ubuyobozi bwafata uwo muntu.

Ruswa n’icyenewabo
Hari aho imfungwa yabaga ifite amahirwe yo kubohorwa iramutse itanze ruswa cyangwa iramutse ibonye “imbabazi” z’umwami. Urugero rwa Pawulo rugaragaza ko yari afite uburenganzira bwo kurekurwa nyuma yo kwemeza ko ari Umuroma (Ibyakozwe 25:10–12).

N’ubwo zari mbi, zari n’ubutaka bw’ivugabutumwa

Aho hose, bamwe nk’abigishwa ba Yesu baboneyeho kuvuga ubutumwa. Pawulo na Silasi baririmbiyeyo, inzugi zirafunguka (Ibyakozwe 16:25–26). Ndetse hari n’abo byagiriye akamaro mu guhinduka.

Gereza za kera zari ahantu h’umwijima, ububabare, ubukene, n’akarengane. Ntizafatwaga nk’aho umuntu yakwigira cyangwa akagorororerwa. Ariko n’ubwo zari mbi, zagaragayemo ubutwari bw’abantu batari b’abasanzwe – nk’aba Pawulo, Yozefu, na Yeremiya – bagatsinda umwijima w’ubuzima bw’imbohe kubera kwizera kwabo no gukomera ku kuri.

2. Gereza z’iki gihe: Ni nziza kurusha iza kera?

Uko ibihugu byinshi byagiye binyura mu ntambara, ubwigenge, n’iterambere ry’amategeko, amagereza na yo yarahindutse. Muri iki gihe, gereza zitandukanye n’ibihome bya kera, hari izifite amashanyarazi, ubuvuzi, uburenganzira bw’imfungwa, n’amategeko agenga uko bagomba gufatwa.

Mu Rwanda, nko mu magereza ya Nyarugenge, Mpanga, cyangwa Rwamagana, imfungwa zifite amahirwe yo guhabwa amasomo y’iyobokamana, uburezi, n’ubumenyingiro. Mu bihugu bikize nka Norvège, gereza zabaye nk’inkambi z’imyitwarire n’ubumenyi. Gusa ibi si hose – kuko muri bimwe mu bihugu byo muri Amerika, Afurika, n’Aziya, usanga gukubitwa, guhohoterwa no kubura uburenganzira bikiri ibintu bisanzwe.

Impamvu n’imiterere y’ifungwa: Ukuri kurakirengagizwa?

Icyagaragaye mu bihe bya Bibiliya nticyazimye. Yohani Umubatiza na Yozefu bafungiwe ubusa, ndetse amaherezo baricwa cyangwa barirengagizwa. No muri iki gihe, hari abakomeza gufungwa bazira kuvuga ukuri, gutanga ibitekerezo binenga ubutegetsi, cyangwa kugira imyemerere itandukanye n’iya rubanda.

Ibi byerekana ko nubwo amategeko yateye imbere, ubutabera bw’abantu bugifite aho bubogamira ku bushake bw’ubutegetsi. Mu bihugu bimwe, nko muri Eritrea, u Burusiya, cyangwa Koreya ya Ruguru, gufungwa bituruka ku bwoba bw’abategetsi aho kuba icyemezo cy’ubutabera.

Ubutwari bw’imbohe
Yozefu ntiyapfiriye muri gereza. Yahavuye aba umutegetsi ukomeye. Yohani Umubatiza, nubwo yishwe, yibukwa nk’umuhanuzi ukomeye. Na Pawulo, wafunzwe ari mu minyururu, yatanze ubutumwa bwatangije amatorero menshi.

Mu gihe cya none, benshi mu bagiye bafungwa bazira ukuri cyangwa ibitekerezo byabo (nka Nelson Mandela), babaye intwari z’uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Muri iki gihe, gereza zitandukanye n’ibihome bya kera, hari izifite amashanyarazi, ubuvuzi, uburenganzira bw’imfungwa, n’amategeko agenga uko bagomba gufatwa.

Mu Rwanda, imfungwa zifite amahirwe yo guhabwa amasomo y’iyobokamana, uburezi, n’ubumenyingiro